Circuit simulation na may TINA Design Suite at TINACloud

By Prof. Dr. Dogan Ibrahim

Dito sa e-book, nangungunang may-akda ng Elektor, Prof. Dr. Dogan Ibrahim ay naglalayong ituro ang disenyo at pagsusuri ng mga electrical at electronic circuit at bumuo ng mga PCB board gamit ang parehong TINA at TINACloud. Ang libro ay naglalayon sa mga electrical/electronic engineer, undergraduate na electronic/electric engineering na mga estudyante sa mga teknikal na kolehiyo at unibersidad, postgraduate at research na mga estudyante, guro, at mga hobbyist. Maraming mga nasubok at gumaganang halimbawa ng simulation ang ibinigay na sumasaklaw sa karamihan ng mga larangan ng analogue at digital electrical/electronic engineering. Kabilang dito ang AC at DC circuits, diodes, zener diodes, transistor circuit, operational amplifier, ladder diagram, 3-phase circuit, mutual inductance, rectifier circuits, oscillators, active at passive filter circuits, digital logic, VHDL, MCUs, switch-mode mga supply ng kuryente, disenyo ng PCB, serye ng Fourier, at spectrum. Ang mga mambabasa ay hindi kailangang magkaroon ng anumang karanasan sa programming maliban kung nais nilang gayahin ang mga kumplikadong circuit ng MCU.

Talaan ng nilalaman:

Kabanata 1 ● Panimula

1.1 ● Why simulation? 13
1.2 ● Electronic simulation 14
1.3 ● SPICE modelling of electronic circuits 15
1.4 ● Ang programang TINA 16
1.4.1 ● Schematic capture 17
1.4.2 ● Live 3D Breadboard Tool 17
1.4.3 ● Disenyo ng PCB 17
1.4.4 ● Electrical Rules Check (ERC) 17
1.4.5 ● Editor ng Simbolo ng Schematic 18
1.4.6 ● Tagapamahala ng Aklatan 18
1.4.7 ● IBIS model support 18
1.4.8 ● Parameter Extractor 18
1.4.9 ● Editor ng Teksto at Equation 18
1.4.10 ● DC analysis 19
1.4.11 ● Pansamantalang pagsusuri 19
1.4.12 ● Auto convergence 19
1.4.13 ● Pansamantalang pagsusuri ng ingay 19
1.4.14 ● Fourier analysis 19
1.4.15 ● Digital simulation 20
1.4.16 ● HDL simulation 20
1.4.17 ● Microcontroller (MCU) simulation 20
1.4.18 ● Flowchart Editor at Debugger 20
1.4.19 ● AC analysis 21
1.4.20 ● Network analysis 21
1.4.21 ● Linear AC Noise analysis 21
1.4.22 ● Simbolikong pagsusuri 21
1.4.23 ● Monte-Carlo at worst-case analysis 21
1.4.24 ● Tool sa Pagdisenyo 21
1.4.25 ● Optimisation 22
1.4.26 ● Post-processor 22
1.4.27 ● Paglalahad 22
1.4.28 ● Interactive mode 22
1.4.29 ● Mga virtual na instrumento 23
1.4.30 ● Real-time Test & Measurements 23
1.4.31 ● Pagsasanay at Pagsusuri 23
1.4.32 ● Extension ng Mechatronics 23

Kabanata 2 ● Mga Bersyon ng TINA

2.1 ● Overview 24
2.2 ● Mga tampok ng bersyon 24
2.3 ● Options 27
2.4 ● Supplementary hardware 27
2.4.1 ● LabXplorer: Multifunction na Instrumento para sa Edukasyon at Pagsasanay na may lokal at
mga kakayahan sa malayuang pagsukat 27

Kabanata 3 ● Pamamaraan sa Pag-install ng TINA

3.1 ● Hardware and software requirements 29
3.2 ● Pag-install 29
3.3 ● Pag-install ng hardware key (dongle) na bersyon ng TINA 36
3.4 ● Awtorisasyon ng software na protektado ng bersyon ng TINA 37

Kabanata 4 ● Pagsisimula – Pagtulad sa Simple Circuits

4.1 ● Ang Schematic Editor 38
4.2 ● Simulation 1 – Series at parallel resistors 39
4.3 ● Simulation 2 – Resistor – capacitor circuit 49
4.4 ● Simulation 3 – Resistor – inductor-capacitor circuit 61
4.5 ● Simulation 4 – Power consumption – using a power meter 67
4.6 ● Simulation 5 – Boltahe sa mga bahagi – gamit ang mga voltmeter 69
4.7 ● Simulation 6 – Kasalukuyan sa pamamagitan ng mga bahagi gamit ang Ampere Meter 70
4.8 ● Simulation 7 – Pagsusukat ng impedance gamit ang Impedance Meter 71
4.9 ● Simulation 8 – Pagsusukat ng resistensya gamit ang Ohmmeter 73
4.10 ● Simulation 9 – Pag-plot ng boltahe sa mga bahagi gamit ang isang bahagi ng Oscilloscope 74
4.11 ● Simulation 10 – Measuring frequency using a frequency meter 78
4.12 ● Simulation 11 – AC circuit analysis I 79
4.13 ● Simulation 12 – AC circuit analysis II 82
4.14 ● Simulation 13 – AC circuit analysis III 84
4.15 ● Simulation 14 – Thevenin's Theorem – AC circuit analysis 86
4.16 ● Simulation 15 – Norton’s Theorem – AC circuit analysis 89
4.17 ● Mga 3-Phase na circuit 92
4.17.1 ● Simulation 16 – 3 phase star connected circuit analysis na may resistive load 93
4.17.2 ● Simulation 17 – 3 phase star connected circuit analysis na may resistive at
inductive load 95
4.18 ● Mutual inductance 98
4.18.1 ● Simulation 18 – Mutual inductance 99

Kabanata 5 ● Diode Circuit Disenyo at Simulation

5.1 ● Simulation 1 – Simpleng diode circuit 102
5.2 ● Simulation 2 – Half-wave rectifier circuit 103
5.3 ● Simulation 3 – Half-wave rectifier circuit na may transpormer 104
5.4 ● Simulation 4 – Full-wave rectifier circuit na may center-tapped transformer 105
5.5 ● Simulation 5 – Full-wave bridge rectifier circuit na may transpormer 107
5.6 ● Simulation 6 – Diode clamper circuit 109
5.7 ● Simulation 7 – Mga katangian ng Zener diode 110
5.8 ● Simulation 8 – Zener diode voltage regulator 112
5.9 ● Simulation 9 – Zener diode symmetrical voltage limiter 113
5.10 ● Simulation 10 – Voltage tripler circuit 114

Kabanata 6 ● Disenyo at Simulation ng Transistor Circuit

6.1 ● Simulation 1 – Bipolar transistor characteristics 118
6.2 ● Simulation 2 – Common emitter transistor amplifier – Analysis 119
6.3 ● Simulation 3 – Common emitter transistor amplifier – Design 125
6.4 ● Simulation 4 – Multi-stage common emitter transistor amplifier – Paggamit ng mga subcircuits sa TINA 127
6.5 ● The Netlist 131
6.6 ● Simulation 5 – BJT transistor Colpitts oscillator 132
6.7 ● Transistor as a two port network 136
6.7.1 ● Transistor h parameters 139
6.8 ● Simulation 6 – JFET transistor common source amplifier 142
6.9 ● Simulation 7 – JFET transistor characteristic curves 146
6.10 ● Simulation 8 – BJT Transistor switch 147
6.11 ● Thyristors at triacs 149
6.11.1 ● Simulation 9 – Thyristor phase control 149
6.11.2 ● Simulation 10 – Triac phase control 151
6.12 ● Mga power amplifier ng audio 153
6.12.1 ● Simulation 11 – Class AB audio power amplifier 154

Kabanata 7 ● Disenyo at Simulation ng Operational Amplifier Circuit

7.1 ● Mga pangunahing katangian 161
7.2 ● Mga operational amplifier circuit 162
7.2.1 ● Inverting amplifier 163
7.2.1 ● Inverting amplifier 163
7.2.2 ● Non-inverting amplifier 163
7.2.3 ● Voltage follower 164
7.2.4 ● Voltage adder amplifier 165
7.2.5 ● Voltage subtractor 166
7.2.6 ● Voltage integrator 167
7.2.7 ● Voltage differentiator 168
7.2.8 ● Current to voltage converter 169
7.3 ● Simulation 1 – Inverting amplifier 171
7.4 ● Simulation 2 – Summing amplifier 174
7.5 ● Simulation 3 – Voltage integrating amplifier 175
7.6 ● Simulation 4 – Half-wave rectifier circuit 176
7.7 ● Ang Design Tool 178
7.7.1 ● Simulation 5 – Halimbawang disenyo 178
7.8 ● Pag-optimize 180
7.8.1 ● Simulation 6 – Halimbawang disenyo – AC circuit 183
7.8.2 ● Simulation 7 – Halimbawang disenyo – DC circuit 185
7.9 ● Sinusoidal oscillators . 187
7.9.1 ● Simulation 8 – Phase shift oscillator 187
7.9.2 ● Simulation 9 – Ang Wien Bridge oscillator 189
7.9.3 ● Simulation 10 – Ang Colpitts oscillator 192
7.10 ● Mga generator ng square wave 194
7.10.1 ● Simulation 11 – Operational amplifier square wave generator 194
7.10.2 ● Simulation 12 – 555 integrated circuit 196

Kabanata 8 ● Filter Circuit Design at Simulation

8.1 ● Mga filter ng TINA 199
8.2 ● Simulation 1 – Pagdidisenyo ng 2nd order low-pass active filter 201
8.3 ● Simulation 2 – Pagdidisenyo ng mas mataas na order na low-pass active filter 206
8.4 ● Simulation 3 – Designing a high-pass active filter 207
8.5 ● Simulation 4 – Pagdidisenyo ng band-pass active filter 209
8.6 ● Simulation 5 – Pagdidisenyo ng low-pass passive filter 210

Kabanata 9 ● Disenyo at Simulation ng Digital Logic Circuit

9.1 ● Digital logic simulation gamit ang TINA 212
9.2 ● Simulation 1 – Simple AT gate 212
9.3 ● Simulation 2 – Half adder gamit ang gate 215
9.4 ● Simulation 3 – 2-bit synchronous counter 216
9.5 ● Simulation 4 – 7-segment na LED display 217
9.6 ● Simulation 5 – 4-bit binary counter na may mga logic indicator 218
9.7 ● Simulation 6 – 4-bit na decade counter na may 7-segment na display 219
9.8 ● Simulation 7 – 8-bit decade counter with two 7-segment displays 220
9.9 ● Simulation 8 – 4-bit na decade counter at 7-segment na display – Paggamit ng 4-bit Data Generator 221
9.10 ● Simulation 9 – Creating a full adder – using a MACRO 223
9.11 ● Paggamit ng Hardware Description Languages ​​(HDLs) 225
9.11.1 ● Paggamit ng VHDL simulation sa TINA para pag-aralan ang mga digital circuit 226
9.11.2 ● Simulation 10 – Half adder circuit – VHDL 226
9.11.3 ● Simulation 11 – Counter circuit – VHDL 230
9.11.4 ● The VHDL Debugger 233
9.12 ● Paggamit ng Verilog simulation sa TINA para pag-aralan ang mga digital circuit 235

Kabanata 10 ● Logic Design Tool

Kabanata 11 ● Simulating Microcontrollers

11.1 ● Pangkalahatang-ideya 246
11.2 ● Gamit ang Flowchart editor 246
11.2.1 ● Simulation 1 – Alternately flashing 2 LEDs – PIC series microcontroller 246
11.2.2 ● Simulation 2 – 4-bit Up/Down counter with hex display – PIC series microcontroller 249
11.2.3 ● Flowchart debugging 252
11.3 ● Using assembly programming 253
11.3.1 ● Simulation 3 – Counter – PIC series microcontroller 253
11.3.2 ● Pagbabago sa asm code 255
11.3.3 ● Pag-debug sa ASM code 256
11.4 ● Paggamit ng C programming 257
11.4.1 ● Simulation 4 – Counter – ATTINY13 microcontroller 258
11.4.2 ● Simulation 5 – Mga ilaw ng trapiko – ATTINY13 microcontroller 261
11.4.3 ● Simulation 6 – LCD counter – Arduino Uno 263
11.4.4 ● Simulation 7 – Traffic light sequencer– PIC microcontroller 266
11.4.5 ● Simulation 8 – Kumikislap na ilaw– STM32 microcontroller 268
11.5 ● Mga memory device 272
11.5.1 ● Simulation 9 – 2-bit x 2-bit digital multiplier – ROM memory . 272
11.5.2 ● Simulation 10 – 4-bit binary counter na may dalawang hex display – ROM memory . 275

Kabanata 12 ● Ladder Logic Circuits

12.1 ● Pangkalahatang-ideya . 278
12.2 ● Simulation 1 – Ladder logic na may ilaw at motor 278
12.3 ● Ladder logic component bilang digital logic component 279
12.4 ● Latching circuit 281
12.4.1 ● Simulation 2 – Latching motor circuit 281
12.4.2 ● Simulation 3 – Forward/reverse motor control 283
12.4.3 ● Simulation 4 – Conveyor belt controller 284

Kabanata 13 ● Switching-Mode Power Supply Circuits (SMP)

13.1 ● Pangkalahatang-ideya . 286
13.2 ● Simulation 1 – TPS61031 SMPS circuit 286

Kabanata 14 ● Disenyo ng Printed Circuit Board (PCB).

14.1 ● Pangkalahatang-ideya 293
14.2 ● Bipolar transistor multivibrator circuit project 293
14.2.1 ● Ang disenyo 294
14.2.2 ● Simulation 294
14.2.3 ● Suriin ang mga pangalan ng footprint 295
14.2.4 ● Pagsusuri ng stress 297
14.2.5 ● I-save ang iyong eskematiko 297
14.2.6 ● Simulan ang TINA PCB program . 298
14.2.7 ● Gerber file 302
14.2.8 ● GCode NC drill file 302
14.2.9 ● Impormasyon sa PCB 303
14.2.10 ● Listahan ng bahagi 303
14.2.11 ● Netlist 304

Kabanata 15 ● Mga Teknik sa Pagdidisenyo ng PCB

15.1 ● Pangkalahatang-ideya 307
15.2 ● Paglikha ng mga Bus sa Schematic Editor at ang PCB Designer ng TINA 307
15.3 ● Maramihang mga yunit sa parehong pakete 310
15.4 ● Power supply ng mga bahagi ng logic 313
15.5 ● Umuulit na circuit blocks (gamit ang Copy Macro function) 316
15.6 ● Paglikha ng Two-Layer, Double-Sided, Surface-Mount Technology Board 320
15.7 ● Paglikha ng mga bahagi ng PCB 325

Kabanata 16 ● Paggawa ng mga Simbolo at Bakas ng Eskematiko

16.1 ● Pangkalahatang-ideya 328
16.2 ● Halimbawa 328
16.3 ● Paggamit ng IC wizard sa editor ng Schematic Symbol 332
16.4 ● Gamit ang Footprint editor 335
16.5 ● IC Wizard sa Footprint Editor 339
16.5.1 ● Halimbawang disenyo 340
16.6 ● Pagdaragdag ng Public PCB Footprints sa TINA 343
16.7 ● Pagdaragdag ng mga modelo ng Pampublikong 3D Footprint sa TINA 346

Kabanata 17 ● Paggamit ng TINACloud

17.1 ● Pangkalahatang-ideya 348
17.2 ● Pagsisimulang gamitin ang TINACloud 349
17.3 ● Halimbawa ng simulation 350
17.4 ● Halimbawa ng disenyo ng PCB 355
17.5 ● Pagbabahagi ng iyong TINA schematic 357

Kabanata 18 ● Iba pang Mga Kapaki-pakinabang na Tool

18.1 ● Pangkalahatang-ideya 359
18.2 ● 3D Breadboard 359
18.3 ● Pagsusuri ng Stress (Usok) 360
18.4 ● Electric Rules Check (ERC) 362
18.5 ● Serial monitor 362
18.6 ● Component explorer 362
18.7 ● Maghanap ng bahagi 363
18.8 ● Protektahan ang circuit 364
18.9 ● I-export ang 365
18.10 ● Import 365
18.11 ● Fourier series 365
18.12 ● Fourier spectrum 367
18.13 ● Pagsusuri ng ingay 367
18.14 ● Pagsusuri ng pagkawala ng kuryente 369
18.15 ● Interpreter 370
18.15.1 ● Halimbawa 1 – RLC circuit 371
18.15.2 ● Halimbawa 2 – DC circuit 373
18.15.3 ● Halimbawa 3 – AC circuit 374
18.15.4 ● Pagsusuri ng Integrals 375
18.15.5 ● Paglutas ng linear system ng mga equation 375
18.15.6 ● Pagguhit ng mga diagram 376
18.15.7 ● Bode diagram 377
18.15.8 ● Depinisyon ng signal 379
18.15.9 ● Mga suportadong function 381
18.16 ● Pagsusuri sa temperatura ng DC 382
18.17 ● Ang parameter extractor 382
18.18 ● Finite State Machine Editor 384

Kabanata 19 ● Ang Tagapamahala ng Aklatan

Kabanata 20 ● Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA)

20.1 ● Pangkalahatang-ideya 391
20.2 ● Programming FPGA Boards na may Schematic Design Entry gamit ang TINA – Halimbawa 1
391
20.3 ● Programming FPGA Boards na may Schematic Design Entry gamit ang TINA – Halimbawa 2
400
20.4 ● Programming FPGA Boards sa VHDL na may TINA 404
20.5 ● Programming FPGA Boards sa Verilog gamit ang TINACloud 407
20.6 ● Pag-imbak ng program sa hindi pabagu-bagong memorya ng Basys 3 board 411
20.7 ● Seconds counter sa 7-segment na 4-digit na Basys 3 FPGA board gamit ang TINA na may
VHDL 415
20.8 ● Pushbutton counter sa 7-segment na 4-digit na Basys 3 FPGA board gamit ang TINA na may
VHDL 428

Kabanata 21 ● Karagdagang Impormasyon

21.1 ● website ng TINA 431
21.2 ● TINA-TI 434
21.3 ● Iba pang mga kapaki-pakinabang na link 434
21.4 ● TINA Help files 435
● Epilogue 436
● Index 437